How to improve the machining accuracy of CNC lathes

   Numerical control lathe machining is a high-precision and high-efficiency automated machine tool that uses digital information to control the displacement of parts and tools in mechanical machining. It mainly consists of a host, numerical control device, drive device, auxiliary device, programming, and other ancillary equipment. In the process of use, we need to improve the machining accuracy of CNC lathes mainly from the aspects of parts, feed mechanism, and programming.

1. In terms of parts and machine tool adjustment, to improve the accuracy of CNC lathe machining

   Firstly, we will study how to improve the accuracy of CNC lathe machining from the perspective of mechanical adjustment. In terms of machine tool adjustment, it mainly includes these parts, such as spindle, bed, and inserts, in order to make the lathe meet the requirements and improve the accuracy of CNC lathe machining. Regular monitoring should also be carried out during the working process, and the shortcomings in the lathe should be continuously optimized in order to adjust the production of better products in a timely manner. This is the simplest and most convenient way to improve the machining accuracy of CNC lathes. This adjustment method does not require good skills, but requires employees to check and adjust from time to time.

   Secondly, improvements have been made in the field of electromechanical integration. To improve the machining accuracy of parts, improvements are mainly made in the areas of reverse deviation, positioning accuracy, and repetitive positioning accuracy. In terms of reverse deviation, when the deviation is too large, we need to first correct it mechanically and manually, and then further optimize it professionally when the error is within a certain range. When adjusting the positioning accuracy, the error is continuously optimized through the degree of the microscope. The electromechanical joint debugging method optimized in these aspects is the most efficient among these adjustment methods. Although it may be cumbersome, the effect is quite good.

   Thirdly, this is achieved through electrical adjustments, which mainly include two aspects. One is the adjustment of machine parameters, and in this angle, there are two aspects that affect machining accuracy: system gain and positioning dead zone. In terms of system gain, we need to pay attention to the mechanical damping and rotational inertia of the lathe, which all affect the machining accuracy of the lathe. Another way is to minimize the dead zone of positioning as much as possible, which can also improve the accuracy of lathe operation. These two aspects complement each other and need to be adjusted simultaneously. On the other hand, adjustments can be made through the application of some systems. With the continuous improvement of automation, CNC lathes use automation to remotely control during operation. Therefore, we need to enter a series of monitoring programs during remote control, so there is no need for excessive manual intervention. This can be more effectively supervised and controlled through programs, which can improve the accuracy of lathe machining.

2. Adjusting the feed mechanism to improve the machining accuracy of CNC lathes

   Firstly, the machining accuracy of CNC lathes is affected by the lead error of ball screws, and the main factor affecting this is pulses. Therefore, in the process of manufacturing ball screws, it is necessary to minimize the impact of errors caused by pulses on the machining accuracy of CNC lathes.

   Secondly, the impact of feed mechanism clearance on the machining accuracy of CNC lathes is mainly due to problems in the components of their transmission machinery, which reduces the accuracy of out of control lathe machining. The main components are gears, couplings, ball screws, and support shafts. The problems that arise between these components can affect the machining accuracy of CNC machine tools, so we need to strengthen the connectivity between their structures. The precision between them will affect the accuracy of lathe machining, thereby reducing the gaps between various structures and strengthening the tightness between them to improve the machining accuracy of CNC lathes.

3. The impact of errors in programming

   The difference between a CNC lathe and a regular lathe lies in the precision of the parts. However, since errors that occur during the programming process can be minimized as much as possible, it requires us to reduce errors from several aspects in order to improve the accuracy of CNC lathe machining.

   Firstly, it is due to the impact of interpolation errors on the accuracy of the lathe. So it is important to use certain methods to minimize programming issues, such as absolute programming, and using insertion to reference point quality to eliminate errors during programming.

   Secondly, the impact of approximation error on the final accuracy. Due to the use of approximations in the process, errors may occur. So it is important to master the profile equation as much as possible when programming, which can greatly reduce errors and eliminate the impact on the accuracy of CNC lathe machining. Thirdly, due to the influence of rounding errors during the programming process, the machining accuracy of the CNC lathe is reduced. Therefore, we need to choose the minimum value of the linear displacement determined by the pulse equivalent as a reference during machining. So when programming, it is necessary to strictly follow the specifications on the drawing as the benchmark for work.